Monday, October 31, 2011

Study Guide 1.2

Unidad 1, Etapa 2 Study Guide    Spanish I


Know all the vocabulary on pgs 21 and 47 and 69:

You must know the following grammar rules below
A.  Agreement
All nouns and adjectives must agree in
1.  gender:  masculine (m) or feminine (f)
       Most nouns that end in “o” are masculine and most nouns that end in “a” are feminine. There are exceptions (el día, la mano).
       “El” is used for masculine nouns and “la” is used for feminine nouns.
       2.  number:  singular (s) or plural (pl)
        Singular is for one thing, plural is for more than one thing.
El chico es alto. (m/s)                                La chica es alta. (f/s)
Los chicos son altos. (m/pl)                       Las chicas son altas. (f/pl)



B.     Definite articles: “The”
1.      el = the: masculine, singular
2.      los = the: masculine, plural
3.      la = the: feminine, singular
4.      las = the: feminine, plural
El chico = The boy (m/s)                        Los chicos  = The boys. (m/pl)
La chica = The girl (f/s)                          Las chicas = The girls (f/pl)

C.  Indefinite articles:  “a/an/one” and “some”
       1.  un = masculine, singular                        means “a/an/one”
       2.  unos = masculine, plural                        means “some”
       3.  una = feminine, singular             means “a/an/one”
       4.  unas = feminine, plural              means “some”
Un chico = A boy                     Unos chicos = Some boys
Una chica = a girl                     Unas chicas = Some girls
D.  Making nouns plural
       1.  nouns that end in a vowel:  add –s
            el libro = the book          los libros = the books
           la camisa = the shirt        las camisas = the shirts  
       2.  nouns that end in a consonant:  add –es
            el calcetín = the sock       los calcetines = the socks (Note that the accent goes away in “calcetines”
       3.  nouns that end in –z:  change –z to –c and add –es
            el lápiz = the pencil          los lápices = the pencils
       4.  nouns that end in –as, -es, -is, -os:  do not change; only the  article is made plural
             el lunes = Monday    los lunes = Mondays

E. Using the verb “ser”:To be


You need to use the verb “ser” to describe yourself or someone else.


Yo soy   = I am                                    Nosotros somos = We are
Tú eres = You are                                Vosotros sois = You are
Él/Ella/Usted es He/She is                  Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son = They/You are
                            You are                   


IMPORTANT: Make sure the adjective you use agrees with the noun in gender (masculine/feminine) and in number (singular/plural)


Yo soy baja. = I am short.
Nosotros somos inteligentes y divertidos. = We are intelligent and fun.


F Using the verb “llevar”: to wear


You need to use the verb llevar to say what you are wearing. You must also use un,una,unos, or unas with the article of clothing NOT el,la,los,or las, unless you are being specific about what you are wearing. If you are asked what you are wearing today, use un,una,unos, or unas.


¿Qué llevas? = What are you wearing?
Llevo una camisa rosada y unos pantalones negros. = I am wearing a pink shirt and black pants.

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