Unidad 1, Etapa 2 Study Guide Spanish I
You
must know the following grammar rules below.
A.
Agreement
All nouns and adjectives must agree in:
1. gender: masculine (m) or feminine (f)
Most nouns
that end in “o” are masculine and most nouns that end in “a” are
feminine.
There are exceptions (el día, la mano).
“El” is used
for masculine nouns and “la” is used for feminine nouns.
2. number: singular (s) or plural (pl)
Singular is
for one thing, plural is for more than one thing.
El chico
Los chicos
son altos. (m/pl) Las chicas son altas.
(f/pl)
B. Definite
articles: “The”
1.
el = masculine, singular
|
3. la = feminine, singular
4. las = feminine, plural
El chico
La chica = The girl (f/s) Las chicas = The girls
(f/pl)
C.
Indefinite articles: “a/an/one”
and “some”
1. un = masculine, singular means “a/an/one”
2. unos = masculine, plural means “some”
3. una = feminine, singular means “a/an/one”
4. unas = feminine, plural means “some”
Un chico
Una chica = a girl Unas chicas = Some girls
D.
Making nouns plural
1. nouns that end in a vowel: add –s
el libro = the book los libros = the books
la camisa
= the shirt las camisas = the shirts
2. nouns that end in a consonant: add –es
el calcetín = the sock los calcetines = the socks (Note that the accent goes away in “calcetines”
3. nouns that end in –z: change –z to –c and add –es
el lápiz = the pencil los lápices = the pencils
4. nouns that end in –as, -es, -is, -os: do not change; only the article is made plural
el
lunes = Monday los lunes = Mondays
E. Using the verb “ser”:To be
You need to use the verb “ser” to
describe yourself or someone else.
Yo soy = I am
Nosotros
somos = We are
Tú eres = You are Vosotros
sois = You are
Él/Ella/Usted es He/She is Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son =
They/You are
You are
IMPORTANT: Make sure
the adjective you use agrees with the noun in gender (masculine/feminine) and
in number (singular/plural)
Yo soy baja. = I am short.
Nosotros somos inteligentes y divertidos. = We are
intelligent and fun.
F Using the verb
“llevar”: to wear
You need to use the verb llevar to say what you are wearing.
You must also use un,una,unos, or unas
with the article of clothing NOT el,la,los,or
las, unless you are being specific about what you are wearing. If you are
asked what you are wearing today, use un,una,unos,
or unas.
¿Qué llevas? = What are you wearing?
Llevo una camisa rosada y unos pantalones negros. = I am
wearing a pink shirt and black pants.
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