Study Guide 1.2

Unidad 1, Etapa 2 Study Guide    Spanish I

Know all the vocabulary on pgs 21 and 47 and 69:

You must know the following grammar rules below

A.  Agreement

All nouns and adjectives must agree in

1.  gender:  masculine (m) or feminine (f)

       Most nouns that end in “o” are masculine and most nouns that end in “a” are feminine. There are exceptions (el día, la mano).

       “El” is used for masculine nouns and “la” is used for feminine nouns.

       2.  number:  singular (s) or plural (pl)

        Singular is for one thing, plural is for more than one thing.

El chico es alto. (m/s)                                La chica es alta. (f/s)

Los chicos son altos. (m/pl)                       Las chicas son altas. (f/pl)

B.     Definite articles: “The”

1.      el = the: masculine, singular

2.      los = the: masculine, plural

3.      la = the: feminine, singular

4.      las = the: feminine, plural

El chico = The boy (m/s)                        Los chicos  = The boys. (m/pl)

La chica = The girl (f/s)                          Las chicas = The girls (f/pl)

C.  Indefinite articles:  “a/an/one” and “some”

       1.  un = masculine, singular                        means “a/an/one”

       2.  unos = masculine, plural                        means “some”

       3.  una = feminine, singular             means “a/an/one”

       4.  unas = feminine, plural              means “some”

Un chico = A boy                     Unos chicos = Some boys

Una chica = a girl                     Unas chicas = Some girls

D.  Making nouns plural

       1.  nouns that end in a vowel:  add –s

            el libro = the book          los libros = the books

           la camisa = the shirt        las camisas = the shirts  

       2.  nouns that end in a consonant:  add –es

            el calcetín = the sock       los calcetines = the socks (Note that the accent goes away in “calcetines”

       3.  nouns that end in –z:  change –z to –c and add –es

            el lápiz = the pencil          los lápices = the pencils

       4.  nouns that end in –as, -es, -is, -os:  do not change; only the  article is made plural

             el lunes = Monday    los lunes = Mondays

E. Using the verb “ser”:To be


You need to use the verb “ser” to describe yourself or someone else.


Yo soy   = I am                                    Nosotros somos = We are
Tú eres = You are                                Vosotros sois = You are
Él/Ella/Usted es He/She is                  Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son = They/You are
                            You are                   


IMPORTANT: Make sure the adjective you use agrees with the noun in gender (masculine/feminine) and in number (singular/plural)


Yo soy baja. = I am short.
Nosotros somos inteligentes y divertidos. = We are intelligent and fun.


F Using the verb “llevar”: to wear


You need to use the verb llevar to say what you are wearing. You must also use un,una,unos, or unas with the article of clothing NOT el,la,los,or las, unless you are being specific about what you are wearing. If you are asked what you are wearing today, use un,una,unos, or unas.


¿Qué llevas? = What are you wearing?
Llevo una camisa rosada y unos pantalones negros. = I am wearing a pink shirt and black pants.

lunes, el treinta y uno de octubre

Spanish I:

• We reviewed how to use "ser" with descriptions and "llevar" with the clothing you are wearing.

Yo soy  = I am                                      Nosotros somos = We are
Tú eres  = You are                                Vosotros sois = You are
Él/Ella/Usted es  He/She/You is/are        Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son = They/You are

Yo llevo = I wear/I am wearing
Él/Ella lleva = He/She wears/is wearing

• We reviewed using the indefinite article when talking about what you are wearing.

Yo llevo unos pantalones y una camisa. = I am weraing pants and a shirt.

• We reviewed using adjectives to describe people and to describe the color of your clothing. the adjective MUST agree with the person or thing being described in gender (masculine/femenine) and number (singular/plural).

El chico es alto. La chica es alta. Los chicos son altos. Las chicas son altas.
La camisa es rosada. El sombrero es rojo. Los pantalones son azules. Las camisetas son verdes.

Classwork/homework:
Exs #8,10, &11. Dues Tuesday, November 1st.

IMPORTANT:
Test on 1.2 will be next Monday, November 7th or Tuesday November 8th. Study guides will be available tomorrow.

3rd grade Spanish:

• Students reviewed their numbers. They will need to able to count up to 31.
• They received a number sheet and made number flashcards.

miércoles, el veintiseis de octubre

Spanish I:

• Students went over the worksheet handed out either last Friday or this past Monday. We went over it slowly, going over important grammar points, and students corrected their work.

IMPORTANT:

• Tomorrow is the last day to turn in missing work and retake quizzes or tests before Term 1 ends.

3rd grade Spanish:

• Students had their first quiz on Spanish greetings. The results of these tests will be shown in their report cards.

martes, el veinticinco de octubre

Spanish I:

• Students watched three videos on Hispanic food in Mexico, Argentina, and Spain. They had to compare and contrast the food to each other and to something typical they eat in their own homes.

4th grade Spanish:

• cut out pre-made flash cards of the words they must know for the quiz this Wednesday. This grade will determine their report card grade.

IMPORTANT:  Quiz this Thursday on the words below.
 1.  Hola = Hello
 2.   Adiós = Goodbye
 3.   Buenos días = Good morning
 4.   Buenas tardes = Good afternoon
 5.   Buenas noches = Good night
 6.   ¿Cómo te llamas? = What is your name?
 7.  Me llamo… = My name is...
 8.   ¿Cómo estás? = How are you?
 9.   Bien = Good
10. Mal = Bad
11. Así, así = So-so
12. Gracias = Thank you
13.  Por favor = Please
14.  De nada = You're welcome

lunes, el veinticuatro de octubre

Spanish I:

• 2nd, 4th, and 5th hour: continued doing a worksheet, using "ser" for description, and wearing clothing. This is due tomorrow.
• 6th and 7th hour: went over exercises from last Friday. We began a worksheet  using "ser" for description, and wearing clothing.  This is NOT homework, and will be finished in class tomorrow.

IMPORTANT:
Term 1 ends this Friday. All missing work must be done by this Thursday. All quizzes and tests must be retaken by this Thursday.

3rd grade Spanish:

• cut out pre-made flash cards of the words they must know for the quiz this Wednesday. This grade will determine their report card grade.

IMPORTANT:  Quiz this Wednesday on the words below.
 1.  Hola = Hello
 2.   Adiós = Goodbye
 3.   Buenos días = Good morning
 4.   Buenas tardes = Good afternoon
 5.   Buenas noches = Good night
 6.   ¿Cómo te llamas? = What is your name?
 7.  Me llamo… = My name is...
 8.   ¿Cómo estás? = How are you?
 9.   Bien = Good
10. Mal = Bad
11. Así, así = So-so
12. Gracias = Thank you
13.  Por favor = Please
14.  De nada = You're welcome

viernes, el veintiuno de octubre

Spanish I:

2nd, 4th, and 5th hour:

•  Reviewed yesterday's grammar lesson.
• They corrected grammar exercises from Thursday.
• They began a worksheet. This is not homework, and we will work on it more on Monday, October 24th/

6th and 7th hour:

• went over the grammar notes from Thursday
• began exercises in class. these are due on Monday, October 24th

Grammar notes:

Using ser and tener for descriptions:

• We learned about using the verb "ser" to describe your personality and your looks, and using the verb "tener" to talk about the color of your eyes and your hair.

Ella es alta y divertida. Ella tiene los ojos verdes y el pelo rubio. = She is tall and funny. She has green eyes and blond hair.

IMPORTANT:

• When you are describing the color of your eyes, you must make the adjective plural: verdes, not verde.
• Also the adjective goes AFTER the noun, not before: ojos verdes, not verdes ojos.

Definite articles:

• We talked about the use of definite articles (the) in Spanish, and how there are four forms, depending if the noun is masculine, femenine, singular, or plural.

el = the, for masculine, singular: el chico = the boy
la = the, for femenine, singular: la chica = the girl
los = the, for masculine plural: los chicos = the boys
las = femenine, plural: las chicas = the girls

Indefinite articles:

• We talked about indefinite articles (a, some) in Spanish, and how there are four forms, depending if the noun is masculine, femenine, singular, or plural.

un = a, for masculine, singular: un chico : a boy
una = a, for femenine, singular: una chica = a girl
unos = some, for masculine, plural: unos chicos = some boys
unas = some, for femenine, plural: unas chicas = some girls

IMPORTANT:

• Remember that most nouns ending in "o" asre masculine and most nouns ending in "a" are femenine, although there are some exceptions (el día, la mano).
• Whether you are using definite or indefinite articles, they must "agree" with the noun. This means you must use the masculine, femenine, singular, and/or plural forms when necessary: la chica, not el chica; unos chicos, not un chicos.

Using adjectives to describe gender:

• Adjectives describe nouns. Like articles they match the gender of the noun (masculine or femenine and the number (singular, plural).

el chico alto = the tall boy
la chica alta = the tall girl
los chicos altos = the tall boys
las chicas altas = the tall girls

IMPORTANT: Adjectives come after the noun, not before like in English: chico alto, not alto chico.

Classwork/homework:

• Exs #4 and 5 pg 55
• Exs #6 and 7 pg 57

jueves, el veinte de octubre

Spanish I:

2nd hour, 4th hour and 5th hour only: (6th and 7th hour students, just read the grammar notes below. You do NOT have to do the exercises. You will do them another day.)

We began chapter 1.2 today.

Using ser and tener for descriptions:

• We learned about using the verb "ser" to describe your personality and your looks, and using the verb "tener" to talk about the color of your eyes and your hair.

Ella es alta y divertida. Ella tiene los ojos verdes y el pelo rubio. = She is tall and funny. She has green eyes and blond hair.

IMPORTANT:

• When you are describing the color of your eyes, you must make the adjective plural: verdes, not verde.
• Also the adjective goes AFTER the noun, not before: ojos verdes, not verdes ojos.

Definite articles:

• We talked about the use of definite articles (the) in Spanish, and how there are four forms, depending if the noun is masculine, femenine, singular, or plural.

el = the, for masculine, singular: el chico = the boy
la = the, for femenine, singular: la chica = the girl
los = the, for masculine plural: los chicos = the boys
las = femenine, plural: las chicas = the girls

Indefinite articles:

• We talked about indefinite articles (a, some) in Spanish, and how there are four forms, depending if the noun is masculine, femenine, singular, or plural.

un = a, for masculine, singular: un chico : a boy
una = a, for femenine, singular: una chica = a girl
unos = some, for masculine, plural: unos chicos = some boys
unas = some, for femenine, plural: unas chicas = some girls

IMPORTANT:

• Remember that most nouns ending in "o" asre masculine and most nouns ending in "a" are femenine, although there are some exceptions (el día, la mano).
• Whether you are using definite or indefinite articles, they must "agree" with the noun. This means you must use the masculine, femenine, singular, and/or plural forms when necessary: la chica, not el chica; unos chicos, not un chicos.

Using adjectives to describe gender:

• Adjectives describe nouns. Like articles they match the gender of the noun (masculine or femenine and the number (singular, plural).

el chico alto = the tall boy
la chica alta = the tall girl
los chicos altos = the tall boys
las chicas altas = the tall girls

IMPORTANT:

• Adjectives come after the noun, not before like in English: chico alto, not alto chico.

Class work (to be finished for homework): Due tomorrow.
Only 2nd hour, 4th hour and 5th hour have to do these exercises. 6th and 7th hour DO NOT have to do these exercises. You will do them another day.

• Exs #4 and 5 pg 55
• Exs #6 and 7 pg 57